I add the cucumbers to the jar (cut 1/16" off both ends, especially the blossom end), and pack them in lengthwise. I then use a 2 1/2% brine over them. I add a tablespoon of pickling spice, and one or two habaneros and a couple of garlic cloves. Top with a bay leaf (for the tannin, plus to keep the cucumbers from coming out of the liquid), and I often add a small bunch of dill from the garden. I cover with the lid and use an airlock. The brine has to cover the cucumbers, to avoid any oxygen contact. It's important to use a non-reactive jar like glass.
After about 7-10 days at 70 degrees, they are done.
One of my friends adds calcium chloride (pickle crisp) to his to keep them crispier.
A 2 1/2% brine is 1 quart of water with 24 grams of salt dissolved in it. I heat up the water, add the salt and stir well and then let it cool before adding it over my pickles.
Sometimes I put other veggies in there like summer squash, and I especially love carrots. I like serranos in there also.